An examination of the themes and context of Emerson’s momentous 1837 speech, "An Oration, Delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Cambridge,” later retitled “The American Scholar.” At the time, Emerson was just embarking on his remarkable 40-year career as an essayist, poet and speaker. His mind was racing with new ideas designed to increase individual expression and promote the importance of nature to thought and literature, and the Transcendental Club was founded soon thereafter.

A profile of U.S. Senator Charles Sumner, a noted abolitionist whose friendship with Ralph Waldo Emerson strengthened around their mutual antipathy for the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Through Sumner, Emerson met President Lincoln in 1862, and when Sumner died in 1874, Emerson was one of his pallbearers. A portrait of Sumner hangs on the second floor of the Emerson House.

Ralph Waldo Emerson gave more than a thousand lectures over 40 years, sharing his thoughts with audiences in the hope that they might reflect and learn. As we start this new year, hopeful of positive changes, we share a selection of some of Emerson’s most notable quotations. 

On July 15, 1838, Emerson delivered what became known as the “Divinity School Address” to the graduating class of Harvard Divinity School. Arguing that every person could have a relationship with the divine without the mediation of the church or clergy, Emerson’s speech sparked great controversy and he was not invited back to his alma mater for another 30 years.

Starting in 1833, Ralph Waldo Emerson earned his living by lecturing across the country, and eventually in Europe as well. Leveraging a rising enthusiasm for the lyceum movement, he spoke to audiences on a broad range of topics and maintained a rigorous schedule of speaking engagements.

Ralph Waldo Emerson met Abraham Lincoln on two occasions. First in January 1853, when Emerson was lecturing in Springfield, Illinois and a then-unknown Lincoln was in the audience—and again in February 1862, when Emerson was invited to the White House to meet with President Lincoln. Initially unsure of his feelings about the President, Emerson was soon won over. He conveyed his admiration in a moving eulogy delivered after Lincoln’s assassination in 1865.

On this day in 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson delivered his famed address, “"An Oration, Delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Cambridge," later retitled “The American Scholar.” Oliver Wendell Holmes called Emerson’s speech America’s “intellectual Declaration of Independence.”